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Retirement
Planning FAQs
1. What is a Minimum Required Distribution?
2. How much should I be saving in my 401(k) plan?
3. Should I borrow money from my 401(k) plan?
4. Can I take a loan from my IRA?
5. What should I do with my company retirement money
if I am leaving my job?
6. Can I make additional contributions to my
Traditional Rollover IRA?
7. My employer already sent me a check for my plan
distribution and withheld 20%, can I get that money
back?
8. Can I make additional contributions to my Inherited
IRA?
9. Can I take a "hardship withdrawal" from my 401(k)?
10. What is the difference between a 401(k) and a
403(b) plan?
11. How will signing up for a 401(k)/403(b) plan
affect my take-home pay?
12. What is an employer match?
13. Will investing in my employer's retirement plan
affect my Social Security benefits?
14. Can I join my company's retirement plan if my
spouse already contributes to a retirement plan at
work?
15. What is vesting?
Tax-deferral for
money in IRAs, 401(k)s, and other qualified retirement
plans eventually comes to an end. By law, under most
circumstances, you must begin taking a required
minimum distribution (RMD) annually once you reach age
70 1/2. For tax purposes, these distributions must be
considered income. (Of course, if you have made
nondeductible IRA contributions, they are not
considered taxable income when withdrawn.)
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Most financial
advisors recommend that you aim to save at least 10%
of your salary. However, if that sounds too tough, try
the 1% solution. You start by saving an amount you can
afford, then raise it by one percentage point a year.
For example, if you start by saving 2% of your income,
the next year save 3%. In the third year save 4%, and
so on. You'll soon be saving more than you thought
possible.
Others call
themselves Financial Planners, but they may only be
able to recommend that you invest in a narrow range of
products, and sometimes products that aren't
securities. Before you hire any financial
professional, you should know exactly what services
you need, what services the professional can deliver,
any limitations on what they can recommend, what
services you're paying for, how much those services
cost, and how the adviser or planner gets paid.
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A home-equity loan is
often cheaper than a 401(k) loan. If you have a
significant amount of equity in your house and a good
credit record, you will usually be better off taking
out a home-equity loan rather than borrowing from your
plan. That's because in most cases you can deduct your
home-equity interest payments from your income taxes,
which dramatically reduces the real cost of the loan.
By contrast, interest on a 401(k) is not deductible
and IRS penalties may apply.
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No, you may not
borrow from your IRA. However, once per 12-month
period, a distribution may be taken and rolled back
into an IRA within 60 days of receipt of the
distribution. No taxes or IRS penalties will be
incurred by the account holder as long as the
distribution is rolled back within 60 days. But, as
always, you should consult your tax-advisor to ensure
you do not incur any IRS penalties.
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If you're about to
receive a payout from your employer's retirement plan,
you need to make an informed decision about placing
your funds where taxes and penalties won't erode them.
The most popular choice for sheltering retirement plan
payouts is a Traditional Rollover IRA because it
offers several advantages. With a Traditional Rollover
IRA you'll:
-
Avoid taxes and IRS
penalties you would incur if you receive your payout
directly
-
Continue to have your
money grow tax-deferred until you retire, when
withdrawals may be taxed at a lower rate
-
Have the flexibility,
at a later date, to possibly move your money into a
new employer's retirement plan (if funds are not
commingled with other IRA funds)
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You may make
additional contributions to your Traditional Rollover
IRA. However, in doing so, you may forfeit your
opportunity to roll over your assets into a new
employer-sponsored retirement plan. This includes cash
contributions, combining an existing IRA with your
Rollover IRA and even a 401(k) or 403(b) payout.
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Yes. If you deposit
your check into a Traditional Rollover IRA within 60
days, with the amount equal to the 20% withheld. If
you do not make up the withheld amount, it will be
considered as a distribution and taxed as ordinary
income. It could also be subject to a 10% IRS early
withdrawal penalty. By funding your Rollover IRA
within 60 days with 100% of your retirement plan
payout, you may be entitled to a tax credit for the
20% withheld by your employer as a tax credit when you
file your tax return.
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Unless you are the
spouse of the decedent and are eligible to treat the
IRA as your own, contributions to Inherited IRAs are
not permitted.
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If you have no other
way of getting the money for certain large expenses,
you may be able to withdraw money from your retirement
plan. However, restrictions vary by plan. If you need
money for the purchase of a primary home, prevention
of eviction from or foreclosure on your home, payment
of certain medical emergency costs, or college tuition
for you or your eligible dependents, you might be able
to take money from your 401(k) retirement plan. But
such a hardship withdrawal will still be subject to
taxes and possible IRS penalties. Your employer may be
ultimately responsible for determining whether a
certain instance constitutes an emergency.
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A 401(k) plan is a
type of qualified retirement plan offered to you by
your employer under section 401(k) of the Internal
Revenue Code. A 403(b) plan is a somewhat different
type of retirement plan, which has many of the same
features of the 401(k) plan, but is offered only to
employees of tax-exempt, non-profit organizations and
educational institutions.
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Contributing
"pre-tax" money to your employer's qualified
retirement plan reduces your current taxable income by
the amount of salary you defer under the plan.
Therefore, you are able to invest more than you
otherwise would if you put your money into a
comparable after-tax investment. For example, one
hundred dollars ($100) invested pretax would "cost"
you the same as $72 invested after tax (assuming you
are in the 28% tax bracket).
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A big advantage of
your employer's retirement plan is that your employer
may match a portion of the contributions you make to
the plan. For example, your employer may make matching
contributions of 50 cents for every dollar you
contribute. You will also not be taxed on any matching
contributions until you receive a distribution or
withdraw amounts from the plan.
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No. The amount of
Social Security taxes (FICA) paid on your behalf will
not be affected if you reduce your taxable income by
contributing to your employer's retirement plan. These
amounts continue to be treated as "wages" and
therefore are subject to FICA taxes.
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Yes, your spouse's
participation in an employer's retirement plan does
not affect your ability to participate in your own
employer's plan.
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Vesting refers to
your right as a participant in a company sponsored
retirement plan to receive a present or future
retirement benefit that is not contingent on you
remaining employed by the employer. You will always be
100% vested in contributions you have made to the
plan. Contributions made by your employer, however,
will often vest according to a vesting schedule, where
your vested percentage will increase based on your
years of service with the employer. By law, it can
take no longer than seven years of service for you to
become 100% vested in any contributions made by your
employer, including earnings. Vesting schedules vary
from plan to plan.
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