|
Retirement Planning
FAQs
1. What is a Minimum Required Distribution?
2. How much should I be saving in my 401(k) plan?
3. Should I borrow money from my 401(k) plan?
4. Can I take a loan from my IRA?
5. What should I do with my company retirement money if I
am leaving my job?
6. Can I make additional contributions to my Traditional
Rollover IRA?
7. My employer already sent me a check for my plan
distribution and withheld 20%, can I get that money back?
8. Can I make additional contributions to my Inherited
IRA?
9. Can I take a "hardship withdrawal" from my 401(k)?
10. What is the difference between a 401(k) and a 403(b)
plan?
11. How will signing up for a 401(k)/403(b) plan affect my
take-home pay?
12. What is an employer match?
13. Will investing in my employer's retirement plan affect
my Social Security benefits?
14. Can I join my company's retirement plan if my spouse
already contributes to a retirement plan at work?
15. What is vesting?
Tax-deferral for money in
IRAs, 401(k)s, and other qualified retirement plans
eventually comes to an end. By law, under most
circumstances, you must begin taking a required minimum
distribution (RMD) annually once you reach age 70 1/2. For
tax purposes, these distributions must be considered
income. (Of course, if you have made nondeductible IRA
contributions, they are not considered taxable income when
withdrawn.)
back to top
Most financial advisors
recommend that you aim to save at least 10% of your
salary. However, if that sounds too tough, try the 1%
solution. You start by saving an amount you can afford,
then raise it by one percentage point a year. For example,
if you start by saving 2% of your income, the next year
save 3%. In the third year save 4%, and so on. You'll soon
be saving more than you thought possible.
Others call themselves
Financial Planners, but they may only be able to recommend
that you invest in a narrow range of products, and
sometimes products that aren't securities. Before you hire
any financial professional, you should know exactly what
services you need, what services the professional can
deliver, any limitations on what they can recommend, what
services you're paying for, how much those services cost,
and how the adviser or planner gets paid.
back to top
A home-equity loan is
often cheaper than a 401(k) loan. If you have a
significant amount of equity in your house and a good
credit record, you will usually be better off taking out a
home-equity loan rather than borrowing from your plan.
That's because in most cases you can deduct your
home-equity interest payments from your income taxes,
which dramatically reduces the real cost of the loan. By
contrast, interest on a 401(k) is not deductible and IRS
penalties may apply.
back to top
No, you may not borrow
from your IRA. However, once per 12-month period, a
distribution may be taken and rolled back into an IRA
within 60 days of receipt of the distribution. No taxes or
IRS penalties will be incurred by the account holder as
long as the distribution is rolled back within 60 days.
But, as always, you should consult your tax-advisor to
ensure you do not incur any IRS penalties.
back to top
If you're about to
receive a payout from your employer's retirement plan, you
need to make an informed decision about placing your funds
where taxes and penalties won't erode them. The most
popular choice for sheltering retirement plan payouts is a
Traditional Rollover IRA because it offers several
advantages. With a Traditional Rollover IRA you'll:
-
Avoid taxes and IRS
penalties you would incur if you receive your payout
directly
-
Continue to have your
money grow tax-deferred until you retire, when
withdrawals may be taxed at a lower rate
-
Have the flexibility, at a
later date, to possibly move your money into a new
employer's retirement plan (if funds are not commingled
with other IRA funds)
back to top
You may make additional
contributions to your Traditional Rollover IRA. However,
in doing so, you may forfeit your opportunity to roll over
your assets into a new employer-sponsored retirement plan.
This includes cash contributions, combining an existing
IRA with your Rollover IRA and even a 401(k) or 403(b)
payout.
back to top
Yes. If you deposit your
check into a Traditional Rollover IRA within 60 days, with
the amount equal to the 20% withheld. If you do not make
up the withheld amount, it will be considered as a
distribution and taxed as ordinary income. It could also
be subject to a 10% IRS early withdrawal penalty. By
funding your Rollover IRA within 60 days with 100% of your
retirement plan payout, you may be entitled to a tax
credit for the 20% withheld by your employer as a tax
credit when you file your tax return.
back to top
Unless you are the spouse
of the decedent and are eligible to treat the IRA as your
own, contributions to Inherited IRAs are not permitted.
back to top
If you have no other way
of getting the money for certain large expenses, you may
be able to withdraw money from your retirement plan.
However, restrictions vary by plan. If you need money for
the purchase of a primary home, prevention of eviction
from or foreclosure on your home, payment of certain
medical emergency costs, or college tuition for you or
your eligible dependents, you might be able to take money
from your 401(k) retirement plan. But such a hardship
withdrawal will still be subject to taxes and possible IRS
penalties. Your employer may be ultimately responsible for
determining whether a certain instance constitutes an
emergency.
back to top
A 401(k) plan is a type
of qualified retirement plan offered to you by your
employer under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue
Code. A 403(b) plan is a somewhat different type of
retirement plan, which has many of the same features of
the 401(k) plan, but is offered only to employees of
tax-exempt, non-profit organizations and educational
institutions.
back to top
Contributing "pre-tax"
money to your employer's qualified retirement plan reduces
your current taxable income by the amount of salary you
defer under the plan. Therefore, you are able to invest
more than you otherwise would if you put your money into a
comparable after-tax investment. For example, one hundred
dollars ($100) invested pretax would "cost" you the same
as $72 invested after tax (assuming you are in the 28% tax
bracket).
back to top
A big advantage of your
employer's retirement plan is that your employer may match
a portion of the contributions you make to the plan. For
example, your employer may make matching contributions of
50 cents for every dollar you contribute. You will also
not be taxed on any matching contributions until you
receive a distribution or withdraw amounts from the plan.
back to top
No. The amount of Social
Security taxes (FICA) paid on your behalf will not be
affected if you reduce your taxable income by contributing
to your employer's retirement plan. These amounts continue
to be treated as "wages" and therefore are subject to FICA
taxes.
back to top
Yes, your spouse's
participation in an employer's retirement plan does not
affect your ability to participate in your own employer's
plan.
back to top
Vesting refers to your
right as a participant in a company sponsored retirement
plan to receive a present or future retirement benefit
that is not contingent on you remaining employed by the
employer. You will always be 100% vested in contributions
you have made to the plan. Contributions made by your
employer, however, will often vest according to a vesting
schedule, where your vested percentage will increase based
on your years of service with the employer. By law, it can
take no longer than seven years of service for you to
become 100% vested in any contributions made by your
employer, including earnings. Vesting schedules vary from
plan to plan.
back to top |